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Israeli President Reuven Rivlin speaks during consultations with party representatives on who might form the next coalition government, at the President’s residence in Jerusalem, Monday, April 5, 2021. (Amir Cohen/Pool Photo via AP)

Tonight an amazing Progressive religious service took place at the egalitarian section of the Kotel for Rabbi Gilad Kariv, to farewell him as President of the IMPJ. The event took place just prior to him being sworn in as a Member of the Knesset. He is the first Progressive Rabbi to be elected as an MK. The moving service ended with Tfilat HaDerech (the Traveler’s Prayer) and the blessing of gratitude Shehecheyanu.

Today was also the day that President Reuven Rivlin invited Bibi Netanyahu to form a coalition to govern Israel after four inconclusive elections taking place over the last two years. Netanyahu has 28 days to form Israel’s next government, with a possible fourteen day extension. However, the President of Israel claimed that no candidate had a real chance of forming a new government, but he chose Netanyahu because he had the most endorsements. The President was forced to make this decision while the PM, Bibi Netanyahu was in court facing trial on corruption charges.

This bizarre situation, in my view, points to a need for reform of the electoral system in Israel, a matter that is being discussed across the board. A number of possible changes have been put forward. One is to increase the percentage of votes that a party would need to achieve to gain seats in the Knesset.

If the percentage was increased it would lead to fewer small parties holding seats and able to manipulate the more successful larger parties, as currently occurs. Another idea is to introduce electorates, as in Australia, so Knesset members as individuals and not just party members, would be answerable to the community who voted for them. The problem is that the Knesset would need to pass legislation to change the electoral system and its not likely happen if members would lose their seats.

While there have been changes to the electoral threshold over time, they have only changed by small increments to the now 3.25 percent of total votes for a party to enter the Knesset. European countries with the same electoral system have thresholds in the 5 to 10 percent range.

While the current system was developed initially to support many parties, able to represent migrants from a large number of different countries, perhaps it is time to change to a system that meets the needs of a more stable demographic Israel.

Helen Shardey
ARZA AUSTRALIA President

Party leaders in Israel’s March 23, 2021 elections. Top row left to right: Itamar Ben Gvir (Otzma Yehudit, part of the Religious Zionism party); Bezalel Smotrich (Religious Zionism); Naftali Bennett (Yamina); Aryeh Deri (Shas); Moshe Gafni (United Torah Judaism). Middle row left to right: Avigdor Liberman (Yisrael Beytenu); Gideon Sa’ar (New Hope); Benjamin Netanyahu (Likud); Yair Lapid (Yesh Atid); Merav Michaeli (Labor). Bottom row left to right: Benny Gantz (Blue and White); Nitzan Horowitz (Meretz); Ayman Odeh (Joint List); Mansour Abbas (Ra’am); Yaron Zelekha (New Economy party). (All photos: Flash90. Montage: The Times of Israel)

On 23 March, Israeli citizens went to the polls for the fourth time in less than two years. And surprise surprise: they may have to go again in six months’ time, after what seems to be another dead-locked election result.

The reason for this election was because the Netanyahu-Ganz coalition became dysfunctional. The two leaders had a very strict agreement as to how they would share power, which was meant to see Benny Ganz stepping into the Prime Ministerial role in November 2021. But it became clear that Netanyahu would try to escape this agreement. The only possible way was if the Knesset failed to pass the budget by the final deadline, which would automatically lead to an election. This is exactly what happened.

As in the previous three election campaigns, there were two competing camps. But if in previous rounds it was the right-wing + Haredim vs the centre-left, this time it would be personal: The Bibi Block vs The Block for the replacement of Bibi Netanyahu (The Contra Bibi Block CBB). This latter block also includes parties which are clearly right-wing, such as Tikva Hadasha (New Hope), led by former Likud minister Gideon Sa’ar. The final result is a “Mexican Stand Off – Israeli style”: out of the 120 Knesset seats, Netanyahu’s block won 53 (30 of them, Likud); the competing block holds 57 seats. In between, there are two parties which have not committed to either block. They are Yamina (Modern-Orthodox right-wing, led by Naftali Bennet) with seven seats and Ra’am (the Islamic Movement) with four seats.

So what’s next? On 5th April, President Rivlin will meet with party leaders to hear who they will support as the next PM. Two days later, he’ll give one MP (probably either Netanyahu or Yair Lapid, leader of centrist Yesh Atid) the mandate to try to form a government within 28 days. If that fails, other MPs will be given the opportunity to try to form a government over a one month period. If they fail, Israel will go to a fifth election in two years.

Currently it is difficult to see a way out of this mess, because neither camp has the 61 seats required to form a coalition government. Furthermore, the Contra Bibi Block isn’t really an alliance, because it includes left-wing, centre, right-wing and the Arab parties that aren’t keen to sit together in government. There are many possible scenarios out of this impasse, but in Israel, as you know, you never know what tomorrow will bring. The same as after the previous elections, virtually no-one imagined there would be a Netanyahu-Ganz alliance. We may well find ourselves with a creative or surprising solution soon.

ARZA Australia thanks Sefi Shalam, our Netzer Shaliach, for this piece. We look forward to Israel accepting that there are major problems with its electoral system, which has for some time, failed to deliver sustainably stable government.

ARZA President, Helen Shardey